November 6, 2015

Creativity in A Non-Creative Universe

            What is “creativity”?  This word is passed back and forth often in our culture, usually referring to a quality a person has in which they act in original and interesting ways.  This form is both highly valued as a positive attribute someone can have, and yet often undervalued, especially when being creative could lead to financial or social risks.  The obvious realm that this concept is used in is when discussing art.  A child may be seen as creative if they create a unique drawing or painting, for example, or a filmmaker or musician may appear creative if the works they produce are somehow unique from other artists in their field.  But this term can also be applied to people of other lines of work, such as scientists or engineers who are innovative in their methods and the things they create. 
            But what is “creativity” really? When a musician writes a song, where does that uniqueness in his or her material actually arise from?  Are they really producing anything totally new or are they simply borrowing elements from music they’ve heard in the past and rearranging them in new ways?  Or as singer-songwriter Danny Dolinger bluntly put it, “any songwriter who doesn’t admit to being a thief is also a liar” (Auxier 118).  This certainly seems true when listening to much of the music that is popular today, which often displays a mix of influences from a variety of genres from the past half century.  Music serves as a good example to pose this question, but the same thing can be asked of any type of thing created by people. 
            To answer these questions it is helpful to expand our definition of “creativity”.  The Merriam-Webster online dictionary gives as broad a definition as you’ll ever need: “the ability to make new things or think of new ideas” (Merriam-Webster).  If we think of creativity as simply being able to “make new things”, or, in other words, the ability to create, we can really think of any action or event in the universe as having creativity.  Because every action always creates something, right?  Well, again the question comes up, and this time in a broader sense – is there such thing as actual “creation”?  Does anything truly new in the universe ever actually arise, or are things simply rearranged into different combinations?  This problem has been debated by thinkers throughout history, including Kant who described the two possibilities of occasionalism and pre-established harmony.  To explain these positions simply, occasionalism implies that the universe is subject to real change at any point in time, such as incited by an all powerful being such as God, and pre-established harmony holds that that the universe changes through time, but these changes are simply part of a long chain of events established at the beginning of time with no real freedom for new possibilities to arise (Kant 309).                   
            The rational answer to this problem falls largely in line with the latter position.  If we think of the universe as ruled by cause and effect interactions, it makes sense that nothing should be able to arise without a previous element coming before it and an already set outcome in place.  Thus, nothing new is actually created, just a different arrangement of things with in a set system.  This is similar to the belief taught by Parmenides that “something which is, comes from being” (Mcdermott 60).  It seems obvious, but if everything comes from what already exists, then creation and creativity cannot exist – at least not in the truest sense.
            To bring things back to more practical terms, it’s true that a musician can never create something entirely new.  Even if they are not directly copying from another musician, the music they create is still largely a combination of all the influences they’ve been exposed throughout their lives.  But this doesn’t mean that creativity can’t have importance in our lives.  That’s because creation in the sense of reordering still means that something entirely unique is produced.  Yes, it a combination of already existing parts, but the specific combination is one that has never existed before and never will exist again.  This is why music and nature and everything else in our lives has the ability to continually surprise and delight us.  And in this sense the individual quality of creativity, as in the commonly used definition, is plenty real and something to be encouraged.  Though we can’t produce anything truly new, the reordering of existing elements and cultivation of influences is what drives innovation and how great art is produced.  The problem is when we rely too much on obvious combinations of elements.  This we should avoid at all costs.                     

References

Auxier, Randall. "Magic Pages and Mythic Plants." Led Zeppelin and Philosophy All Will Be Revealed. Ed. Scott Calef. Chicago: Open Court, 2009. Print.
Kant, Immanuel. Critique of Judgement. Trans. Werner S. Pluhar. Indianapolis: Hackett, 1987.     Print.
McDermott, John J. A Cultural Introduction to Philosophy. New York: Knopf, 1985. Print.
Merriam-Webster. Merriam-Webster. Web. 6 Nov. 2015.



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